Claudimir,
In the book, "John Singer Sargent", by Carter Ratcliff, (Abbeville Press) it says " the places of masses were indicated with a rigger dipped in a flowing pigment. No preparation in colour was allowed, but the main planes of the face must be laid directly on the unprepared canvas with a broad brush." This book is available on this site.
I tone my canvasses based on my color theme, if it is to be a green theme, I tone it green, a yellow theme, yellow, etc.
After talking to Micheal Harding, the paint maker, I will not use any kind of acrylic under-painting, not even Liquin or Galkyd, or acrylic gessoed canvasses.
Alexandra,
Good pigments as a rule should not fade, alizarin, one of my favorites does. Vermilion can blacken when exposed to sulphuric acid, a by product of the use of coal heat.
All oil paints will in time yellow and get more transparent.
A recent article in "The American Scientist" shows the results of the pigment change in Seurat's "Le Grande Jatte" to be a decided shift to yellow.
Allan,
In another book on Sargent, he used thickly painted darks.
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